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University of Graz News Spezialisten im Untergrund

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Friday, 19 October 2018

Spezialisten im Untergrund

Flechten besiedeln ökologische Nischen und geben dadurch Auskunft über Umweltveränderungen. Die Evolution von auf einen Untergrund spezialisierte Arten wurde nun erstmals erforscht. Foto: Uni Graz/Bilowitz ©Dr. Peter Bilovitz

Flechten besiedeln ökologische Nischen und geben dadurch Auskunft über Umweltveränderungen. Die Evolution von auf einen Untergrund spezialisierte Arten wurde nun erstmals erforscht. Foto: Uni Graz/Bilowitz

Forscher der Universität Graz entschlüsseln langfristige Evolution von Flechten

Flechten sind weltweit verbreitet und wichtige Indikatoren für aktuelle Umweltbedingungen, da sie sehr sensibel auf Veränderungen reagieren. Unterschiedliche Arten suchen sich ökologische Nischen und spezialisieren sich dabei häufig auf einen bestimmten Untergrund. Pflanzenwissenschafter der Universität Graz haben nun erstmals erforscht, welche Substrate sich als günstig, welche als ungünstig erwiesen haben. Die Ergebnisse sind soeben in der Fachzeitschrift Proceedings of the Royal Society erschienen.
Die Untersuchungen konnten mithilfe einer detaillierten Stammbaumanalyse durchgeführt werden und zeigten, dass im Regelfall Generalisten zu Substratspezialisten wurden. Auch der umgekehrte Prozess findet manchmal statt, Holzbewohner bleiben ihrem bevorzugten Untergrund allerdings stets treu. Boden- und Felsbewohner spalten sich besser zu neuen Arten auf. „Mit den unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen der Nischenanpassung sind nun erstmals langfristige Trends der Evolution von symbiotischen Lebensformen sichtbar geworden“, resümiert Autor Helmut Mayrhofer.

created by Dagmar Eklaude

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