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University of Graz News Wandelbar

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Tuesday, 23 February 2021

Wandelbar

Der Brabant-Buntbarsch ist im Tanganyikasee beheimatet und ernährt sich von auf Felsen wachsenden Algen. Sein Erbgut haben Grazer ForscherInnen nun entschlüsselt. Foto: Gessl/www.pisces.at

Der Brabant-Buntbarsch ist im Tanganyikasee beheimatet und ernährt sich von auf Felsen wachsenden Algen. Sein Erbgut haben Grazer ForscherInnen nun entschlüsselt. Foto: Gessl/www.pisces.at

Grazer ForscherInnen entschlüsseln Genom zweier Buntbarsch-Arten

Erderwärmung, Umweltveränderungen, versiegte Nahrungsquellen: Natur und Mensch müssen sich permanent an neue Lebensbedingungen anpassen. Wie das gelingt und welche Gene dabei eine wichtige Rolle spielen, untersucht ein Team von Universität, TU und Med Uni Graz unter der Leitung des Biologen Christian Sturmbauer am Modellsystem der großen Seen Ostafrikas. Den ForscherInnen ist es gelungen, das komplette Genom zweier Buntbarsch-Arten aus dem Tanganyikasee zu entschlüsseln. Die Ergebnisse sind soeben in den „Scientific Reports“ des Springer-Nature Verlags erschienen.
„Dieser See ist ein absoluter Hotspot der Biodiversität auf unserem Planeten. In den letzten zehn Millionen Jahren entwickelten sich vor Ort etwa 240 Buntbarsch-Arten, die dabei alle Nischen des Ökosystems erschlossen haben“, schildert Sturmbauer. Zwei wichtige Vertreter, den Brabant- und den Threadfin-Buntbarsch haben die WissenschafterInnen nun genauer unter die Lupe genommen. „Sie differieren stark in der Art der Nahrungsaufnahme. Daher analysierten wir die Unterschiede im Erbgut in Bezug auf die Anatomie des Kopfes und der Kiefer“, erklärt der Biologe. Das Team ermittelte jene Gene, die einen Beitrag zur Spezialisierung leisten.
Das Projekt des Forschungsverbundes BioTechMed-Graz wurde vom Österreichischen Wissenschaftsfonds FWF gefördert.

Publikation:
C. Fischer, S. Koblmüller, C. Börger, G. Michelitsch, S. Trajanoski, C. Schlötterer, C. Guelly, G. G. Thallinger, C. Sturmbauer: Genome sequences of Tropheus moorii and Petrochromis trewavasae, two eco-morphologically divergent cichlid fishes endemic to Lake Tanganyika Scientific Reports 11:4309
 

 

created by Dagmar Eklaude

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