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University of Graz News Schnelle Reaktion dank „Präzisions-Protein“

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Tuesday, 16 August 2016

Schnelle Reaktion dank „Präzisions-Protein“

Illustration der Neurotransmitter Freisetzung. Quelle: Dr. Alexander Matthias Walter

Illustration der Neurotransmitter Freisetzung über Unc13A und Unc13B. Unc13A wird in einem Abstand von 70 nm von der Kalziumquelle (Cac; blau) durch Bruchpilot (BRP; grün) und RBP (rot) positioniert. Unc13B (orange) wird in einem größeren Abstand von 120 nm positioniert. Der Farbübergang von dunkel- zu hellblau im Hintergrund kennzeichnet unterschiedlich hohe Kalziumkonzentrationen, die von Vesikel detektiert werden. Quelle: Dr. Alexander Matthias Walter

WissenschafterInnen gewinnen neue Erkenntnisse zur Kommunikation zwischen Nervenzellen

Ob wir Autofahren oder Fußball spielen – in vielen Situationen müssen wir blitzschnell auf äußere Reize reagieren. Doch wie wird gewährleistet, dass die Signalübertragung zwischen den Nervenzellen unseres Körpers in Sekundenbruchteilen geschieht? WissenschafterInnen der Freien Universität Berlin, der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin und des Leibniz-Institutes für Molekulare Pharmakologie haben jetzt im Rahmen eines internationalen Forschungsverbundes einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Aufklärung dieses Mechanismus geleistet. Sie fanden heraus, dass ein bestimmtes Protein (Unc13A) an den Verbindungsstellen der Nervenzellen – den Synapsen – für eine extrem präzise molekulare „Verknüpfung“ sorgt und damit für die ultraschnelle Weiterleitung der Reize verantwortlich ist.
In dem internationalen Projekt haben auch ForscherInnen der Arbeitsgruppe um Univ.-Prof. Ulrich Stelzl vom Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, molekulare Protein-Wechselwirkungsexperimente durchgeführt, die den Berliner Neurobiologen bei der Interpretation Ihrer experimentellen Daten sehr hilfreich waren.

Die Ergebnisse, die nun in der Fachzeitschrift „Nature Neuroscience“ publiziert wurden, erlauben Einblicke in die Prinzipien, mit denen Synapsen auf molekularer Ebene und mit hoher Genauigkeit Signalübertagung räumlich und zeitlich optimieren.

>> Pressemeldung der Freien Universität Berlin

created by Stabsstelle Presse und Kommunikation Freie Universität Berlin

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Why does the body composition of babies vary so much? Some children gain a significant amount of fat mass within a few weeks, whilst others show hardly any change over the same period. “At the same time, initial observations suggest that fat distribution in all babies may follow a similar pattern, regardless of their total body fat,” explains Marco Höfler from the Institute of Movement Sciences, Sport and Health at the University of Graz. He is coordinating the research project ‘Small Bodies – Big Questions’, for which participants are currently still being sought: pregnant women and babies up to four weeks old.

In hot water: New Report reveals record losses in glaciers, permafrost and snow cover

Climate change is driving up temperatures not only in summer. Winters are also getting warmer – with dramatic consequences for glaciers, permafrost, snow cover and the freezing of lakes. The recently published cryosphere report provides specific figures for Austria. “Our monitoring shows a clear trend with record losses of ice and snow,” says project leader Wolfgang Schöner from the University of Graz.

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