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Monday, 04 August 2025

Amazonas in der Atmosphäre: Wenn sich Flüsse am Himmel bilden

Ulrich Foelsche ©Uni Graz/Tzivanopoulos

Foto: Uni Graz/Tzivanopoulos

Es gießt in Strömen – buchstäblich. Ausgehend von den Tropen bilden sich nämlich über den Ozeanen sogenannte „Atmospheric Rivers“, die oft doppelt so viel Wasser wie der gesamte Amazonas mit sich führen. Treffen diese „Himmelsmonster“ im Westen Europas an Land, kommt es zu extremen Niederschlägen. Klimaforscher der Uni Graz haben eine neue Methode entwickelt, diese atmosphärischen Flüsse genauer zu untersuchen und vorherzusagen.

„,Atmospheric Rivers‘ treffen in erster Linie auf die Westküsten der Kontinente und können sogar einige 100 Kilometer weit ins Landesinnere vordringen. In Europa sind dadurch insbesondere Großbritannien, die iberische Halbinsel sowie Frankreich betroffen. Ausläufer erreichen in Extremfällen Deutschland und die Schweiz“, berichtet Meteorologe Ulrich Foelsche. Der Wissenschaftler erinnert an den Sturm „Desmond“, der vor rund zehn Jahren Irland und Großbritannien verwüstete. Und er rechnet damit, dass sich die atmosphärischen Flüsse im Zuge des Klimawandels weiter verstärken werden. Umso wichtiger sind Informationen nicht nur über deren Masse, sondern auch über ihre Bewegung und Ausbreitung.

Neue Methode

„Atmospheric Rivers“ werden derzeit in erster Linie von Satelliten, insbesondere mit passiven Mikrowellensensoren, beobachtet. Foelsche, Forscher am Institut für Physik sowie am Wegener Center der Uni Graz, erklärt: „Diese Daten erlauben zwar eine gute Abschätzung der Menge an Wasserdampf. Sie liefern aber keine Hinweise über die senkrechte Verteilung, die für das Verständnis der Dynamik dieser Gebilde wichtig wäre.“ Dafür hat nun Foelsche gemeinsam mit Bahareh Rahimi eine Lösung entwickelt, wie die beiden in einem Artikel im Fachjournal Atmospheric Measurement Techniques darlegen. Sie setzen die sogenannte Radio-Okkultation ein. Diese Methode erlaubt mit Hilfe von GPS-Signalen von Sender- zu Empfängersatelliten bessere Aufschlüsse über die vertikale Struktur und damit über die dynamische Entwicklung der Flüsse in der Atmosphäre.

created by Andreas Schweiger

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Semester abroad without barriers: University of Graz wins award for promoting inclusion

The University of Graz has been awarded the Internationalization Award for its new inclusion initiative. Students with fewer opportunities now also receive financial support for their semester abroad outside Europe.

Fair distribution: Researchers determine just greenhouse gas budgets for all EU regions

Ten years ago, on 12 December 2015, the Paris Climate Agreement was signed at the UN Climate Conference. In order to limit global warming to well below two degrees, only a certain amount of CO2 may be emitted worldwide. While the focus was originally on national emission targets, more than 200 subnational regions and almost 300 cities have now adopted their own targets. But how many emissions are they fairly entitled to? Researchers at the University of Graz have now developed transparent criteria for fair distribution at the subnational level for the first time and determined corresponding greenhouse gas budgets for all European regions. The paper was published today in the scientific journal Nature Communications.

Chemical Christmas show at the University of Graz: An explosive evening at the Schauspielh

At the beginning of December, the University of Graz transformed the theater into a laboratory: as part of “Chemical Life,” teacher training students staged a chemical Christmas show for Styrian school classes—complete with ethanol rockets, nitrogen snow, and glowing effects. An evening designed to inspire interest in studying chemistry.

Train by train: Koralm railway accelerates exchange between the Universities

Lectures at the University of Klagenfurt in the morning, seminars at the University of Graz in the afternoon: Austria's longest tunnel and a journey time of around 45 minutes make it easy. The Koralm railway increases the speed of networking between the two university locations. The collaboration builds on existing cooperation - for example in the areas of teacher training, Slavic studies and as employers, the universities are well coordinated.

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