After lectures on Friday, hop on the train and be at the Wörthersee in less than an hour. It sounds unbelievable, but with the opening of the 33-kilometer-long Koralm Tunnel, it will be possible. In 45 minutes, you can get from Graz to Klagenfurt, and in 1 hour and 5 minutes to Villach. Not only that, but the number of connections will also multiply. Whereas there used to be eight buses a day between Klagenfurt and Graz, in future there will be 29 ÖBB trains commuting between Graz, Klagenfurt, and Villach on weekdays. Westbahn will operate five trains on the route and also stop in Pörtschach. “The connection is therefore practically fully booked even at the opening,” explains Jörn Kleinert, economist at the University of Graz and expert on trade flows and European integration.
The tunnel not only connects Styria and Carinthia, but together with the Semmering Base Tunnel currently under construction, it is a central component of the Baltic-Adriatic axis. This axis stretches from the Baltic States to the Adriatic ports of Koper, Rijeka, and Split, as well as Trieste, Venice, Ravenna, and Bari. One of the corridor's goals is to shift freight transport from road to rail. However, Kleinert tempers expectations here. “Freight trains can only travel through the tunnel between midnight and 6 a.m. The rest of the time is reserved for passenger trains.”
The Baltic-Adriatic axis is supposed to split in Graz. One branch goes towards Carinthia and another towards Maribor and Ljubljana. “However, there are still major hurdles here,” says Kleinert. “The section between Leibnitz and Maribor is partly single-track, and trains can only travel very slowly between Maribor and Ljubljana. ”Work on the European project is not yet complete," says Kleinert.
New momentum
Back to the greater areas of Central Carinthia and Graz. Kleinert is convinced that life here will change permanently as a result of the rail link. He sees a similar dynamic here as between the cities of Cologne and Frankfurt. “The economic areas are moving closer together, and for many people, commuting through the tunnel will be completely normal. At the same time, the regions will retain their independence.” Kleinert sees the greater Graz area as the clear winner of this development.
With four universities, two teachers-universities and two universities for applied sciences, the Styrian capital offers a huge range of courses and is an industrial stronghold in southern Austria. The new rail link will make Graz even more attractive – for job seekers and students. However, it could also provide a boost for Carinthia in the area of tourism, as the travel time to the Carinthian lakes will be significantly reduced.
Effects on regions
The Koralm Tunnel will also create two new stations: St. Paul/Lavanttal (33 minutes to Graz) and Weststeiermark (17 minutes to Graz). Many expect this to have an impact on the regions around the stations. While Kleinert expects only minor growth impulses in the Lavanttal valley, he sees the possibility of a so-called Tullnerfeld effect in the Deutschlandsberg region. This station on the new Westbahn line in Lower Austria revitalized the region after its opening in 2012. “For this to happen in western Styria, the Park&Ride service is crucial,” says Kleinert. At least the foundation for this has been laid.
Interested in the economic impact of major projects such as the Koralm Tunnel? You can learn about the background in a degree program in economics or environmental systems science with a focus on economics at the University of Graz.