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University of Graz News Teamwork

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Tuesday, 17 January 2023

Teamwork

Das Forschungsteam v.l.n.r.: Gerd Hörl (Med Uni Graz), Gerhard Sommer (TU Graz), Oksana Tehlivets (Uni Graz) und Gunter Almer (Med Uni Graz). Foto: Uni Graz/Schweiger.

Das Forschungsteam v.l.n.r.: Gerd Hörl (Med Uni Graz), Gerhard Sommer (TU Graz), Oksana Tehlivets (Uni Graz) und Gunter Almer (Med Uni Graz). Foto: Uni Graz/Schweiger.

Geschmeidige Gefäße: Grazer Forscher:innen entdecken eine wichtige Rolle von B-Vitaminen

B-Vitamine sind wahre Allrounder: Sie tragen wesentlich zu reibungslosen Stoffwechselprozessen bei, sorgen für Hormon- und Blutbildung sowie gesunde Nerven. Grazer Forscher:innen haben nun herausgefunden, dass B-Vitamine auch unsere Blutgefäße „geschmeidig“ halten.

Bislang galt ein hoher Cholesterinspiegel, der zur Bildung atherosklerotischer Plaques und dadurch zur Verengung der Arterien führt, oft als einziger treibender Faktor bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Grazer Wissenschafter:innen haben festgestellt, dass sich auch ein Mangel an B-Vitaminen negativ auf die Gefäße auswirkt. „Sind zu wenig B-Vitamine vorhanden, werden die Arterien steifer. Trifft ein B-Vitamin-Defizit auf erhöhtes Cholesterin, macht dies die Gefäßwände der Arterien noch dicker und verengt die Gefäße noch mehr. Außerdem können sich die Gefäße dann nicht mehr gut zusammenziehen und entspannen“, fasst die Biochemikerin Oksana Tehlivets von der Universität Graz die Ergebnisse des Forschungsteams von Med Uni Graz, TU Graz und Uni Graz zusammen.

Hierzu wurde im Vorfeld ein Forschungsmodell zur maschinell kontrollierten Erzeugung von atherosklerotischen Gefäßwandverdickungen von Gerd Hörl, Peter Opriessnig und Gunter Almer, Erstautor der Publikation, gemeinsam entwickelt. Auf der Expertise der drei an der Med Uni Graz tätigen Forscher wurde dann die Idee zur Erforschung atherosklerotischer Grundlagen mit Oksana Tehlivets aufgebaut. Gerhard Sommer von der TU Graz steuerte biomechanische Untersuchungen von arteriellem Gewebe bei.

Warum gerade B-Vitamine eine so entscheidende Rolle für die Gefäßgesundheit spielen, hängt möglicherweise mit einer ihrer Aufgaben zusammen. Sie sind nämlich am Abbau des Zellgiftes Homocystein beteiligt, das im Zuge der natürlichen Zellfunktionen entsteht. „Wenn dieser Abbau nicht stattfindet, stoppt Homocystein andere wichtige zelluläre Prozesse“, erläutert Tehlivets eine der negativen Folgen einer Unterversorgung mit B-Vitaminen. Homocystein ist seit langem als unabhängiger Risikofaktor für Atherosklerose bekannt und wird mit verschiedenen Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Wie es dazu beiträgt, ist noch nicht vollständig geklärt. „Es ist aber wichtig, diese Rolle zu verstehen, da erhöhte Homocysteinspiegel im Alter vermehrt auftreten“, schildert Tehlivets.

Die meisten B-Vitamine sind übrigens sowohl in tierischen als auch in pflanzlichen Lebensmitteln enthalten, zum Beispiel in grünem Blattgemüse, Hülsenfrüchte, Vollkornprodukten, Nüssen und Samen. Vitamin B12 ist dagegen in ausreichenden Mengen ausschließlich in tiereschen Produkten wie Fisch, Fleisch, Eiern, Milch und Milchprodukten zu finden.

Die Arbeit wurden vom österreichischen Wissenschaftsfond FWF sowie von BioTechMed-Graz, dem Zusammenschluss von Uni Graz, Med Uni Graz und TU Graz zur gemeinsamen Forschung für Gesundheit, gefördert.

 

Publikation: Almer et.at. Deficiency of B vitamins leads to cholesterol-independent atherogenic transformation of the aorta. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113640

 

Researchers in Graz discover an important role of B vitamins 


B vitamins are true all-rounders. They contribute significantly to smooth metabolic processes, ensuring hormone and blood formation as well as healthy nerves. Researchers in Graz have now discovered that B vitamins also keep our blood vessels “supple”. 

Until now, high cholesterol, which leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and thus to the narrowing of the arteries, was often considered the only driving factor in cardiovascular disease. But scientists in Graz have discovered that a lack of B vitamins also has a negative effect on the blood vessels. “If there are too few B vitamins, the arteries become stiffer. And if a B vitamin deficit and elevated cholesterol occur together, this makes the vessel walls of the arteries even thicker and constricts the vessels even more. In addition, the vessels can then no longer contract and relax well,” says biochemist Oksana Tehlivets from the University of Graz, summarizing the results of the research team from Med Uni Graz, TU Graz and Uni Graz. 

For this purpose, a research model for the machine-controlled generation of atherosclerotic vessel wall thickening was jointly developed in advance by Gerd Hörl, Peter Opriessnig and Gunter Almer, first author of the publication. The idea of conducting research on the foundations of atherosclerosis with Oksana Tehlivets was then added to the expertise of the three researchers working at Med Uni Graz. Gerhard Sommer from Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) contributed biomechanical studies of arterial tissue.

Why B vitamins in particular play such a crucial role in vascular health may be related to one of their tasks. This is because they are involved in the breakdown of the cell toxin homocysteine, which is produced in the course of natural cell functions. “If homocysteine is not broken down, it stops other important cellular processes,” says Tehlivets, explaining one of the negative consequences of an undersupply of B vitamins. Homocysteine has long been known as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. But how it contributes to this is not yet fully understood. “It is important to understand this role, however, because increased homocysteine levels occur more frequently in old age,” says Tehlivets. 

Incidentally, most B vitamins are found in both animal and plant foods, for example, in green leafy vegetables, legumes, whole grain products, nuts and seeds. Vitamin B12, on the other hand, is only found in sufficient quantities in animal products such as fish, meat, eggs, milk and dairy products. The work was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and by BioTechMed-Graz, the association of the University of Graz, Med Uni Graz and TU Graz for joint research on health. 
 

created by Gerhild Leljak

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