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University of Graz News Spezialisten im Untergrund

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Friday, 19 October 2018

Spezialisten im Untergrund

Flechten besiedeln ökologische Nischen und geben dadurch Auskunft über Umweltveränderungen. Die Evolution von auf einen Untergrund spezialisierte Arten wurde nun erstmals erforscht. Foto: Uni Graz/Bilowitz ©Dr. Peter Bilovitz

Flechten besiedeln ökologische Nischen und geben dadurch Auskunft über Umweltveränderungen. Die Evolution von auf einen Untergrund spezialisierte Arten wurde nun erstmals erforscht. Foto: Uni Graz/Bilowitz

Forscher der Universität Graz entschlüsseln langfristige Evolution von Flechten

Flechten sind weltweit verbreitet und wichtige Indikatoren für aktuelle Umweltbedingungen, da sie sehr sensibel auf Veränderungen reagieren. Unterschiedliche Arten suchen sich ökologische Nischen und spezialisieren sich dabei häufig auf einen bestimmten Untergrund. Pflanzenwissenschafter der Universität Graz haben nun erstmals erforscht, welche Substrate sich als günstig, welche als ungünstig erwiesen haben. Die Ergebnisse sind soeben in der Fachzeitschrift Proceedings of the Royal Society erschienen.
Die Untersuchungen konnten mithilfe einer detaillierten Stammbaumanalyse durchgeführt werden und zeigten, dass im Regelfall Generalisten zu Substratspezialisten wurden. Auch der umgekehrte Prozess findet manchmal statt, Holzbewohner bleiben ihrem bevorzugten Untergrund allerdings stets treu. Boden- und Felsbewohner spalten sich besser zu neuen Arten auf. „Mit den unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen der Nischenanpassung sind nun erstmals langfristige Trends der Evolution von symbiotischen Lebensformen sichtbar geworden“, resümiert Autor Helmut Mayrhofer.

created by Dagmar Eklaude

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Fair distribution: Researchers determine just greenhouse gas budgets for all EU regions

Ten years ago, on 12 December 2015, the Paris Climate Agreement was signed at the UN Climate Conference. In order to limit global warming to well below two degrees, only a certain amount of CO2 may be emitted worldwide. While the focus was originally on national emission targets, more than 200 subnational regions and almost 300 cities have now adopted their own targets. But how many emissions are they fairly entitled to? Researchers at the University of Graz have now developed transparent criteria for fair distribution at the subnational level for the first time and determined corresponding greenhouse gas budgets for all European regions. The paper was published today in the scientific journal Nature Communications.

Chemical Christmas show at the University of Graz: An explosive evening at the Schauspielh

At the beginning of December, the University of Graz transformed the theater into a laboratory: as part of “Chemical Life,” teacher training students staged a chemical Christmas show for Styrian school classes—complete with ethanol rockets, nitrogen snow, and glowing effects. An evening designed to inspire interest in studying chemistry.

Train by train: Koralm railway accelerates exchange between the Universities

Lectures at the University of Klagenfurt in the morning, seminars at the University of Graz in the afternoon: Austria's longest tunnel and a journey time of around 45 minutes make it easy. The Koralm railway increases the speed of networking between the two university locations. The collaboration builds on existing cooperation - for example in the areas of teacher training, Slavic studies and as employers, the universities are well coordinated.

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