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University of Graz News Einsicht & Einigung

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Wednesday, 04 May 2022

Einsicht & Einigung

Wann wird endlich Frieden? Maximilian Lakitsch erklärt, wie Kriegsparteien ins Reden kommen können

Anstatt miteinander zu reden und Waffen schweigen zu lassen, krachen weiterhin Bomben auf die Ukraine. Erste Gespräche sind ergebnislos im Sand verlaufen. Friedensforscher Maximilian Lakitsch erklärt, welche generellen Faktoren für erfolgreiche Verhandlungen zwischen Kriegsgegnern ausschlaggebend sind:

„Dass sich Parteien überhaupt erst einmal an einen Tisch setzen, hängt vielfach von der Situation am Schlachtfeld ab. Entweder weil jemand unterlegen ist und sich einen strategischen Vorteil verspricht. Oder weil man aus der stärkeren Position heraus mehr fordern kann. Die Friedensforschung unterscheidet drei „Tracks“, um den Dialog zu starten: die Ebene der obersten EntscheidungsträgerInnen von Staaten. Jene der sogenannten Grassroots, damit sind Personen aus der Bevölkerung, aber auch VertreterInnen von religiösen Institutionen oder NGOs gemeint. Und die dritte Option liegt zwischen diesen beiden Ebenen. Dabei handelt es sich oftmals um einflussreiche Personen, die Kontakt zur obersten Ebene haben, selbst aber keine Regierungsverantwortung haben. Dieses Modell erweist sich als besonders effektiv, um im Geheimen Verhandlungen anbahnen. Das könnte für den Ukraine-Krieg eine Vorgangsweise sein. Bewährt hat sie sich zum Beispiel beim Konflikt zwischen Israel und Palästina: In einer sehr angespannten Situation nach der Ersten Intifada konnte eine überraschende Einigung erreicht werden. Egal, bei welchem Track man bei Verhandlungen ansetzt, am wichtigsten ist, dass möglichst viele Menschen hinter einer Lösung stehen.
Bottom-up-Prozesse sind ebenfalls zielführend: So haben etwa in Kolumbien Friedensmaßnahmen auf Initiative einiger kleiner Dörfer begonnen, die regional und dann staatlich ausgeweitet wurden. Es gibt also viele Wege, die zu einem Frieden führen kommen können. Ohne Alternative ist immer: Alle involvierten Parteien – seien sie untereinander noch so verfeindet – müssen miteinander reden.“

created by Andreas Schweiger

Related news

Electrifying: Researchers film the first moments on the way from light to electricity

Physicists at the University of Graz (Austria), in collaboration with colleagues from Marburg University and Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany), have achieved a scientific breakthrough. For the first time, the generation of electrical energy from light has been filmed and described theoretically. This work is of far-reaching significance, not least for optimising sustainable energy production from photovoltaics. This is because it provides fundamental building blocks for understanding the physical processes that take place, for example, in organic solar cells. The paper was published in the journal Physical Review X, one of the world’s most prestigious physics journals.

University of Graz: Working together to make Styria a sustainable centre of learning

Round table calls for sustainable funding for the 2028–2030 performance agreement period between the five Styrian universities and the federal government.

How can we teach using YouTube and AI? The University of Graz is strengthening media education in schools

A journey through the blood vessels using VR headsets brings biology lessons to life. An interactive quiz brings physics to life. The YouTube video explains the First World War. Whilst mobile phones are increasingly being banned from the classroom, social media platforms, apps and AI are playing an ever-greater role in knowledge transfer at school. But how can teaching with media be made even more effective? What are the challenges in media-based teaching? At the University of Graz, researchers are discussing these issues at a conference being held in Austria for the first time.

Jurassic Sounds: Biologist reconstructs insect songs from 165 million years ago

It was apparently not just the roars of the dinosaurs that made up the soundscape of the animal world during the Jurassic period. Crickets and grasshoppers communicated through a variety of songs and high-pitched sounds, as Thorin Jonsson from the Institute of Biology at the University of Graz discovered together with colleagues from the universities of Lincoln, Bristol (UK), Beijing (China) and Tempe (USA). The findings on what are so far the oldest traces of sound on Earth have just been published in the journal PNAS.

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