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University of Graz News Einmal um die Sonne

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Monday, 29 February 2016

Einmal um die Sonne

Die Erde umrundet die Sonne in 365,2419 Tagen. Weil die Zahl ungenau ist, wird ein Tag dazu geschalten. Foto: Stockphoto.com/guvendemir

Die Erde umrundet die Sonne in 365,2419 Tagen. Weil die Zahl ungenau ist, wird ein Tag dazu geschalten. Foto: Stockphoto.com/guvendemir

29. Februar: Astrophysiker Arnold Hanslmeier erklärt, weswegen wir unsere Kalender dem Sonnensystem angepasst haben.

Was haben der italinienische Komponist Gioachino Rossini, der Autor Martin Suter und der steirische Landeshauptmann Hermann Schützenhöfer gemeinsam?

Alle drei sind an einem 29. Februar geboren. „Zur Einführung eines zusätzlichen Tages in das Kalendersystem kam es, weil der Umlauf der Erde um die Sonne 365,2419 Tage dauert“, weiß der Astrophysiker Univ.-Prof. Dr. Arnold Hanslmeier. Um dies auszugleichen, erweiterte man bereits im Julianischen Kalender jedes vierte Jahr. Somit kam man im Durchschnitt auf eine Länge von 365,25 Tagen. „Der Fehler betrug in 138 Jahren dennoch einen Tag, der zu wenig war“, rechnet der Wissenschafter vor. Die schlechte Kalkulation fiel auf, als 1582 der Frühlingsbeginn nicht mehr am 21., sondern bereits am 10. März war. Mit der Gregorianischen Kalenderreform bemühte man sich dann, die verlorene Zeit wieder einzuholen: Papst Gregor verfügte, dass auf den 4. Oktober 1582 gleich der 15. Oktober folgte, und löste somit das Problem schnell. Bis heute hat dieser Kalender seine Gültigkeit: „Wir haben weiterhin alle vier Jahre einen 29. Februar, aber es gibt Ausnahmen. Die vollen Jahrhunderte sind nur dann ein Schaltjahr, wenn sie durch 400 ohne Rest teilbar sind“, erklärt Hanslmeier die Regel. Beispiel 1900: Laut Julianischem Kalender wäre es ein Schaltjahr, nach der Reform keines.

Verlängert wurde stets der Februar, wahrscheinlich aufgrund der Kürze des Monats. Und ja: Menschen, die an diesem Tag Geburtstag haben, werden älter – jährlich.   

created by Konstantinos Tzivanopoulos

Related news

Full effort in the heat: the Sports Centre was in full swing at the Kleeblattlauf

On 19 June 2026, 2,000 runners and hundreds of supporters made their way to the Rosenhain for a sporting end-of-term event.

Save, invest or guarantee: What Austrians expect from the state

Austria needs to make savings. But where? And what should the Republic actually be spending its money on? The answers are provided by the initial findings of a major study involving the University of Graz. 99 per cent of those surveyed are in favour of the state ensuring healthcare provision. Almost three-quarters would like to see more public funding for education, whilst only around three per cent are in favour of cuts in this sector.

Science meets blockbuster: Campus cinema at the University of Graz

A cinematic treat for the scientific community: the courtyard of the University of Graz’s main building is once again being transformed into an atmospheric open-air cinema this year. From 29 June to 10 July 2026 (Mondays to Fridays from 8.30 pm), blockbusters and documentaries will be shown on the open-air screen. Academics from the University of Graz will be taking a closer look at the films shown, examining them to distinguish fact from fiction.

Complying with the norm: Why Do Standards Shape Our Lives, Elisabeth Staudegger?

Standards determine whether a sheet of paper fits in a printer or whether a charging plug can power multiple devices. These standards shape our everyday lives. But who actually sets these standards? Where are the weaknesses, and how could science help to improve them? Elisabeth Staudegger, Head of the ‘Law and IT’ Department at the Institute for Legal Foundations at the University of Graz, host the Academic Standards Day on 16 June. Here she relays how sciences can contribute to the topic of standardisation and reveals her personal favourite standard.

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