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University of Graz News Einmal um die Sonne

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Monday, 29 February 2016

Einmal um die Sonne

Die Erde umrundet die Sonne in 365,2419 Tagen. Weil die Zahl ungenau ist, wird ein Tag dazu geschalten. Foto: Stockphoto.com/guvendemir

Die Erde umrundet die Sonne in 365,2419 Tagen. Weil die Zahl ungenau ist, wird ein Tag dazu geschalten. Foto: Stockphoto.com/guvendemir

29. Februar: Astrophysiker Arnold Hanslmeier erklärt, weswegen wir unsere Kalender dem Sonnensystem angepasst haben.

Was haben der italinienische Komponist Gioachino Rossini, der Autor Martin Suter und der steirische Landeshauptmann Hermann Schützenhöfer gemeinsam?

Alle drei sind an einem 29. Februar geboren. „Zur Einführung eines zusätzlichen Tages in das Kalendersystem kam es, weil der Umlauf der Erde um die Sonne 365,2419 Tage dauert“, weiß der Astrophysiker Univ.-Prof. Dr. Arnold Hanslmeier. Um dies auszugleichen, erweiterte man bereits im Julianischen Kalender jedes vierte Jahr. Somit kam man im Durchschnitt auf eine Länge von 365,25 Tagen. „Der Fehler betrug in 138 Jahren dennoch einen Tag, der zu wenig war“, rechnet der Wissenschafter vor. Die schlechte Kalkulation fiel auf, als 1582 der Frühlingsbeginn nicht mehr am 21., sondern bereits am 10. März war. Mit der Gregorianischen Kalenderreform bemühte man sich dann, die verlorene Zeit wieder einzuholen: Papst Gregor verfügte, dass auf den 4. Oktober 1582 gleich der 15. Oktober folgte, und löste somit das Problem schnell. Bis heute hat dieser Kalender seine Gültigkeit: „Wir haben weiterhin alle vier Jahre einen 29. Februar, aber es gibt Ausnahmen. Die vollen Jahrhunderte sind nur dann ein Schaltjahr, wenn sie durch 400 ohne Rest teilbar sind“, erklärt Hanslmeier die Regel. Beispiel 1900: Laut Julianischem Kalender wäre es ein Schaltjahr, nach der Reform keines.

Verlängert wurde stets der Februar, wahrscheinlich aufgrund der Kürze des Monats. Und ja: Menschen, die an diesem Tag Geburtstag haben, werden älter – jährlich.   

created by Konstantinos Tzivanopoulos

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Jurassic Sounds: Biologist reconstructs insect songs from 165 million years ago

It was apparently not just the roars of the dinosaurs that made up the soundscape of the animal world during the Jurassic period. Crickets and grasshoppers communicated through a variety of songs and high-pitched sounds, as Thorin Jonsson from the Institute of Biology at the University of Graz discovered together with colleagues from the universities of Lincoln, Bristol (UK), Beijing (China) and Tempe (USA). The findings on what are so far the oldest traces of sound on Earth have just been published in the journal PNAS.

EU funding boosts international exchange between universities

The University of Graz is further expanding its international study opportunities through the European university alliance Arqus and is taking the lead in two key projects. In future, students will benefit from even more joint degree programmes and from simplified recognition of academic achievements through the Joint European Degree Label.

Rescue and risks: Researchers have surveyed public perceptions of AI

The use of artificial intelligence has had to be made transparent since 2 August 2026. The EU’s AI Act, which has been in force since then, also sets out how risky an application is and which security measures apply as a result. However, the assessment of risks by the legislation differs in some cases significantly from the perceptions of the Austrian public. This is the finding of a representative study carried out by data scientist Stefan Thalmann from the University of Graz and his team.

The Healing Sea: Researchers discover new approaches to treating chronic inflammation in sponges

Chronic inflammation plays a key role in many diseases, ranging from metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases to tissue damage following injuries or infections. “Normally, the body is able to resolve inflammation on its own. If this process becomes unbalanced, immune cells remain permanently active and continue to drive negative changes in the tissue,” explains Andreas Koeberle, a pharmacist at the University of Graz.

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