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University of Graz News Schwergewicht Fett

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Thursday, 26 March 2015

Schwergewicht Fett

Zwölf Prozent der ÖsterreicherInnen sind laut einer Studie krankhaft übergewichtig. Foto: istockphoto.com/Ugurhan Betin

Zwölf Prozent der ÖsterreicherInnen sind laut einer Studie krankhaft übergewichtig. Foto: istockphoto.com/Ugurhan Betin

Eine OECD-Studie aus dem Jahre 2006 belegt: 47 Prozent der ÖsterreicherInnen sind übergewichtig. Wir stellen uns die Frage: Wie wird man dick?

„Wenn der Mensch über Wochen, Monate und Jahre mehr Energie zu sich nimmt, als er für Grundumsatz sowie körperliche oder geistige Arbeit verbraucht, nimmt er zwangsläufig zu“, erklärt Mag. Caroline Schober-Trummler vom Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz. Nur etwa zwei Prozent der Weltbevölkerung haben einen genetischen Defekt, der sie dick werden lässt. Laut einer OECD-Studie aus dem Jahr 2006 sind rund 47 Prozent der ÖsterreicherInnen übergewichtig, zwölf Prozent sind gar krankhaft fettleibig. Was passiert, wenn man zu viel Üppiges konsumiert? „Der Körper hat ein spezialisiertes Speicherorgan, das Fettgewebe“, erklärt die Expertin.

Vor tausenden Jahren aß der Mensch sehr unregelmäßig, besonders Fleisch und proteinhaltige Nahrung waren selten verfügbar. „Deshalb war es notwendig, dass der Körper über einen längeren Zeitraum Reserven speichern kann, um die Energie dann bei Bedarf abzurufen.“ Solange das Fett in seinem Gewebe bleibt, ist es nicht per se krank machend; erst wenn es sich in anderen Organen einlagert oder die Blutfette erhöht sind, kommt es zu Störungen. Klassische Konsequenzen sind etwa Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und Typ-2-Diabetes.

Es ist noch weitgehend ungeklärt, über welche molekularen Vorgänge Übergewicht die Zellen schädigt. Im Spezialforschungsbereich „Lipotox“ wird die toxische Wirkung von Fett außerhalb des Fettgewebes untersucht. Die Annahme ist, dass Lipide direkt oder als Signalmoleküle in Regula­tionsprozessen Krankheiten entstehen lassen. „Das beste Mittel, um dem entgegenzuwirken, sind nicht Appetitzügler und Diätpillen, sondern Essen mit Maß und ausreichend Bewegung“, weiß Schober-Trummler.            

created by Konstantinos Tzivanopoulos

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Chronic inflammation plays a key role in many diseases, ranging from metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases to tissue damage following injuries or infections. “Normally, the body is able to resolve inflammation on its own. If this process becomes unbalanced, immune cells remain permanently active and continue to drive negative changes in the tissue,” explains Andreas Koeberle, a pharmacist at the University of Graz.

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