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University of Graz News Feuerwerke

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Wednesday, 18 December 2019

Feuerwerke

Farbenprächtige Feuerwerke signalisieren nicht nur den Jahreswechsel, sondern erzeugen auch besonders viel so genannten Ultrafeinstaub. Foto: nickgesell/pixabay.com

Farbenprächtige Feuerwerke signalisieren nicht nur den Jahreswechsel, sondern erzeugen auch besonders viel so genannten Ultrafeinstaub. Foto: nickgesell/pixabay.com

Chemiker weisen hohe Metallkonzentration in der Luft rund um Silvester nach

Farbenprächtige Feuerwerke signalisieren nicht nur den Jahreswechsel, sondern erzeugen auch besonders viel so genannten Ultrafeinstaub, also Partikel mit einem Durchmesser von weniger als 0,1 Mikrometer. Dadurch erhöht sich die Konzentration von bestimmten chemischen Elementen in der Luft rund um Silvester deutlich, wie zwei Chemiker der Universität Graz nachgewiesen haben. Ihre Ergebnisse haben sie in dem Journal Environment International veröffentlicht.

Hohe Konzentration möglicher Schadstoffe
Beim Zünden einer Rakete werden ihre Bestandteile in Form winziger Partikel freigesetzt. Darunter sind auch solche, die bunte Farben in den Himmel zaubern. Für Rottöne sind das beispielsweise Strontium und Lithium. Walter Gössler und Stefan Tanda haben diese und rund 30 weitere chemische Elemente näher analysiert. Ihre Messungen haben sie zu zwei verschiedenen Jahreswechseln in Graz und in Brünn in der Tschechischen Republik durchgeführt, einer Stadt, die in Bezug auf Größe und ihrer Beckenlage Graz ähnelt. Alle Untersuchungen zeigten dasselbe Ergebnis: „Vor allem die Konzentration der Metalle Aluminium, Kupfer, Strontium, Barium und Wismut waren rund um Silvester stark erhöht“, erklärt Tanda. Die hohen Werte können negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit haben, da Ultrafeinstaub bis in die kleinsten Lungenverästelungen vordringt. „Nicht zu unterschätzen ist, dass diese Belastung zusätzlich zum üblichen Feinstaub auftritt“, betonen die Chemiker.

Bessere Luft im Grazer Becken
Graz ist durch seine Beckenlage bezüglich der Luftqualität benachteiligt. Die politisch gesetzten Maßnahmen gegen den Feinstaub zeigen aber auf lange Sicht ihre Wirkung, unterstreichen die Forscher: Laut Walter Gössler sind es vor allem die moderneren Autos und der Ausbau des Fernwärmenetzes, die die Luft in Graz immer sauberer werden lassen.

 

Publikation: Stefan Tanda et.al., Impact of New Year's Eve fireworks on the size resolved element distributions in airborne particles. Environment International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.071

 

created by Gerhild Leljak

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