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Tuesday, 30 April 2024

Dunkle Wasser: Forscher:innen berechnen Folgen der Erwärmung von Grönlands Seen

Ein Gebirgssee in Westgrönland bei Sulussugutip Kangerlua

Gebirgssee in Westgrönland: die dunkle Oberfläche sorgt für einen rascheren Anstieg der Wassertemperatur - mit noch nicht ausreichend erforschten Auswirkungen auf das Ökosystem. Foto: Uni Graz/Jakob Abermann

A mountain lake in West Greenland near Sulussugutip Kangerlua

Mountain lake in West Greenland: the dark surface causes the water temperature to rise more quickly - with effects on the ecosystem that have not yet been sufficiently researched. Photo: University of Graz/Jakob Abermann

A mountain lake in West Greenland near Sulussugutip Kangerlua

Mountain lake in West Greenland: the dark surface causes the water temperature to rise more quickly - with effects on the ecosystem that have not yet been sufficiently researched. Photo: University of Graz/Jakob Abermann

A mountain lake in West Greenland near Sulussugutip Kangerlua

Mountain lake in West Greenland: the dark surface causes the water temperature to rise more quickly - with effects on the ecosystem that have not yet been sufficiently researched. Photo: University of Graz/Jakob Abermann

A mountain lake in West Greenland near Sulussugutip Kangerlua

Mountain lake in West Greenland: the dark surface causes the water temperature to rise more quickly - with effects on the ecosystem that have not yet been sufficiently researched. Photo: University of Graz/Jakob Abermann

A mountain lake in West Greenland near Sulussugutip Kangerlua

Mountain lake in West Greenland: the dark surface causes the water temperature to rise more quickly - with effects on the ecosystem that have not yet been sufficiently researched. Photo: University of Graz/Jakob Abermann

A mountain lake in West Greenland near Sulussugutip Kangerlua

Mountain lake in West Greenland: the dark surface causes the water temperature to rise more quickly - with effects on the ecosystem that have not yet been sufficiently researched. Photo: University of Graz/Jakob Abermann

A mountain lake in West Greenland near Sulussugutip Kangerlua

Mountain lake in West Greenland: the dark surface causes the water temperature to rise more quickly - with effects on the ecosystem that have not yet been sufficiently researched. Photo: University of Graz/Jakob Abermann

A mountain lake in West Greenland near Sulussugutip Kangerlua

Mountain lake in West Greenland: the dark surface causes the water temperature to rise more quickly - with effects on the ecosystem that have not yet been sufficiently researched. Photo: University of Graz/Jakob Abermann

Schnee am See reflektiert bis zu 90 Prozent der eintreffenden Sonnenstrahlen, eine offene Wasseroberfläche hingegen lediglich 20 Prozent. Wenn also die winterliche Eisdecke durch die Klimaerwärmung früher schmilzt, erwärmt sich das Wasser stärker, mit weitreichenden Folgen. Die Forschungsgruppe Climate Change in Mountain Regions der Universität Graz hat in Grönland Daten dazu erhoben und zeigt in einer soeben in der Zeitschrift „The Cryosphere“ erschienenen Publikation die wahrscheinlichen Konsequenzen auf.

Grönland hat rund 155.000 Seen, die in Summe etwa die 1,4-fache Fläche Österreichs einnehmen. Christoph Posch, Jakob Abermann und Tiago Silva, Gletscher- und Klimaforscher an der Universität Graz, analysierten anhand von Satellitendaten das jährliche Schmelzen der Eisbedeckung zwischen 2017 und 2021. „Die hohen Temperaturen von 2019 ließen die Seen um rund zwei Wochen früher aufbrechen als im beobachteten Durchschnitt“, fasst Posch ein Ergebnis zusammen.  

Wenn die Gewässer acht Tage früher eisfrei sind – was den typischen Schwankungen zwischen 2017 und 2021 entspricht –, bedeutet das einen Anstieg ihrer Temperatur um 1 °C bis zu einer Tiefe von 35 Metern. „Rechnet man diese zusätzliche Wärmeenergie der rund 500 von uns untersuchten Seen entlang der Süd- und Westküste Grönlands zusammen, könnte man damit einen Eiswürfel mit einer Seitenlänge von 7,4 Kilometern schmelzen“, veranschaulicht Posch.

Das Verschwinden des Eises beeinflusst maßgeblich, wie viel Sonnenstrahlung in die Seen gelangt. Die dunkle Oberfläche bewirkt eine stärkere Erwärmung, mit noch nicht ausreichend erforschten Auswirkungen auf die Ökosysteme. „Die Wassertemperatur beeinflusst den Sauerstoffgehalt und damit das Leben in den Seen, die Eisschmelze außerdem den Süßwasserzufluss in die Fjorde“, schildert Jakob Abermann, Assistenzprofessor am Institut für Geographie und Raumforschung der Universität Graz. Die Klimaszenarien lassen ein zunehmend früheres Aufbrechen der Seen annehmen. „Änderungen der Eisflächen in Grönland und der Arktis beeinflussen das Wetter sowie längerfristig das Klima in Europa“, ergänzt Abermann. Er plant mit seinem Team ähnliche Untersuchungen für alle saisonal eisbedeckten Seen der Erde.

 

Publikation:
Christoph Posch, Jakob Abermann und Tiago Manuel Ferreira da Silva: „Lake Ice Break-Up in Greenland: Timing and Spatio-Temporal Variability“, The Cryosphere, Volume 18, issue 4

created by Dagmar Eklaude

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